You choose the topic Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 3

You choose the topic - Essay Example In Summa Theologiae, Aquinas makes an emphatic philosophical analysis to prove that God exists, and his existence can be deduced from what is around, suggesting that Gods existence is self-evident and does not require any emphatic proofs. Therefore, from Aquinas’s philosophical arguments in Summa Theologia, the truth that cannot be known from existence can be known from a cause-effect relationship in that judging from what can be perceived, there has to be a higher order that causes what can be experienced in reality. The paper investigates Aquinas attempt to construct what is not known through that which is known in a cause-effect relationship to understand the existence of God. Aquinas borrows his main arguments from the Ontological argument of St. Anselm, who argued that God is the end beyond which nothing else can be conceived to exist. As such, God being the greatest being has to exist, for existence is much higher than non-existence. Consequently, Aquinas borrowed heavily from the existence of truth to explain that God exists. If the truth exists, then God being the absolute truth itself has to exist. The truth is self-evident in that there has to be that which is true and that which is false, suggesting that an absolute truth has to exist. Therefore, God exists in reality and is the direct cause of the truth, which can only be attributed to him. Aquinas refers to John 14:6, which states that â€Å"Am the truth the way and life.† As such, though we may not know God, it is clear that the truth exists. The truth emanates from an absolute truth much higher than itself, which is a proof that God exists in reality. Aquinas argues that every whole is greater than its parts. As such, everything that exists is a part of some whole at which everything has to intersect to make whole. The thing that exists so that

Communication in business Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Communication in business - Essay Example on of the right to collective bargaining’ (UN Global Compact, labour); the above principle is based on the ‘ILO Declaration on Fundamental Principles and Rights at Work’ (UN Global Compact, labour). The other principle addressed in this letter is the 9th Principle: ‘businesses should encourage the development and diffusion of environmentally friendly technologies’ (UN Global Compact, environment); this principle is based on the Rio Declaration on Environment and Development (UN Global Compact, environment). Both these principles should be enhanced across the organization. The firm’s existing practices in regard to labour and environment could be summarized as follows: ‘a) continuous improvement of the training programs provided to its employees, b) promotion of integrity across the organization, c) emphasis on the personal development of employees, d) promotion of innovation – encouraging employees to work on innovative projectsâ⠂¬â„¢ (General Electric, Careers, 2010). Our suggestions in regard to the alignment of the firm’s practices with the UN Global Compact focus on the following issues: a) implications of these policies for the business, b) the positive and negative of the business as also of other organizations on similar practices, c) the risks of these policies for the firm’s stakeholders. Under these terms, we suggest that the following measures should be taken in order for the principles of UN Global Compact – as described above – to be successfully implemented in the Local Network: i. Current form of collective bargaining used across the organization should be restructured; emphasis should be given to the development of HR management policies that would focus on the needs of each employee – referring to a individualized HRM-based approach (Edwards 2004, 7338); moreover, ‘gaining a bargaining advantage over unions’ (Klasa et al. 2009, 421) should become a priority among the firm’s HR policies; the firm’s existing HR

Marketing plan for a driving instructor business

Marketing plan for a driving instructor business Introduction Our e-business task was assigned by James Hill of Driving Pass Ltd. Driving Pass is a well-established driving instructor company that was set up in 1970 by James Hill. James has since then employed 7 more instructors to keep the business competitive and to allow more flexibility with lessons thus achieving higher sales. Driving Pass has a great success rate hence the company name Driving Pass that was adapted in 1984. The creation of Driving Pass was very successful as the company name and identity is strong. James has hired me to investigate and report on their e-business venture that will lead to future growth and increase competitive advantage. 1 in every 2 driving students, pass the driving test in Wexford. The pass rate for March 2009 to March 2010 was at 48.5%. Industry Analysis The driving instructor industry services the needs of customers who require training on how to drive. The majority being new provisional license holders with the aim to pass their test or the odd customer that may only require a refresher course. The demand for more driving instructors is increasing year on year throughout the world. The driving instructor industry is very competitive in major counties of Ireland. Due to the increase of more drivers on the road and more accidents occurring, this has changed regulations in order to make Irelands roads safer. The driving instructor industry from the prospective of e-business has great potential if created and aimed correctly. Web sites nowadays is a must have tool in order to reach new and existing customers as the driving instructor market is very competitive. Driving instructors are based all around the world and the location of the driving instructor is restricted to the local geographical areas in which the instructor besides. Industry Size, Trends, Outlook The size of the driving instructor industry is massive and has started to become excessive in relation to the supply of instructors. Trends are changing and the youthful approach is becoming more and more successful on the e-business side of things. It is hard to distinguish which driving instructor is the right one for the customer looking at web sites, each customer will react differently by looking at the different web sites out there. Main focus is based on the attractiveness of the web site. Does it have the wow factor? Does it hook people in to explore the site? Is it easy to explore the site? This will be looked at in more detail throughout this report. Product/Service We are selling a service to customers who want to learn and become successful in passing their driving test. We provide hourly sessions for a fee in return we teach the customer the rules of road, techniques and how to drive. Driving Pass started off with teaching learner drivers to drive cars only up until 1992 when the introduction of rigid and articulated trucks which proved to be successful. The initial introduction of these new services was very expensive due to the price of the vehicles, but has significantly diversified what Driving pass has to offer compared to other local instructors. What we offer online The products and services listed below are provided on www.drivingpass.ie to ensure that the customer has all the correct information and is attracted to our company by first impressions and professionalism: Home page Qualification Information About us Information Contact us Details Site Map Guidance Rigid Articulated Truck Driving Information Gift Vouchers Sales Promotions Useful Links Information Downloads Rules of the Road (PDF) Statistics Pass Rates Games Parking Games Amusement Customers View Quotes of Customers Advertising Mini Ads (Car Insurance) Target Market The target market must be large enough to enable Driving Pass to succeed. By having an online presence to attract this market, it is entirely dependent on the web site design. The size of the market is determined by how many potential customers and also the number of competitors within our market. To segment our market we will look at the following factors: Geographical The geographical location that our target market is in will be Co. Wexford. The population of Co. Wexford was in the region of 132,000, based on the last census in 2006. Demographic The demographics of our market are the younger generation aged between 17-26 years old and also the mature generation aged between 27-40 years old. Target Customers Our target market is aimed at ambitious people of all ages who need or want to pass their driving test whether it is for a job or for independence. Driving Pass also target commercial customers that require rigid truck or articulated truck licences. Regulatory Environment Driving instructors regulations are included in the Road Traffic Act 1968. Driving instructors must be on the RSAs register of approved driving instructors or otherwise face a à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬2,000 fine or six month imprisonment. These driving regulations are in place to standardise the quality and skills of driving instructors in Ireland. http://www.rsa.ie/Utility/Driving-Instructors1/Regulations/ Six Goals for business Success Mission statement for drivingpass.ie is to teach people how to drive in an effective and a professional manner whilst providing accurate information in the preparation for success. Driving Pass have six goals that we feel are critical in the setting up of their e-business venture and to achieve success. Youthful image of website Instant message of success Easy to use and navigate Useful information and contacts made clear Rules of the road free download Theory test online and fun games Prepare presentation to sell website idea and what the outcome would be An e-business website can be a simple homepage, but to attract and interest our market it must be lively and vibrant in order to encourage customer return. An e-business website gives Driving Pass a new tool to promote, inform, sell and will enable Driving Pass to reach out the customers in every area within the target market and also outside. An effective e-business website makes it easy for customers to do business with you as they can attain information about Driving Pass 24hrs a day. Value Proposition Driving Pass is fully committed to helping their customers gain the knowledge of the rules and techniques of driving. Customers will choose Driving Pass over our competitors because we are reliable, successful and have the best pass rate in Wexford. Driving Pass not only caters for the category B but also provides the same tuition for categories C1, C, D1, D, EB, EC1, EC, ED1 and ED which has broadened our market and filled the gap that most other instructors have not done. Advantages of e-business reduced costs, time and effort to make and process sales better customer service attract new customers Benefits to your customers are: 24-hour access, accurate and fast information, convenience can do some things not possible or easy to do elsewhere a way to find information about you and your product or service http://www.business.vic.gov.au/busvicwr/_assets/main/lib60208/sbv_infosheet_setting_up_an_ebusiness_website.pdf Business Models Affiliate Revenue Model This provides purchase opportunities, by offering a referral fee to affiliated partner sites. This will only generate money if the affiliates purchase. If an affiliate does not generate sales, then no money is transacted. This model is very popular on the web and the variations of these are banner exchange and (PPC) pay-per-click Advertising Revenue Model This is critical to a new e-business, which Driving Pass effectively is, as getting the name out there informs customer of your presence and what you have to offer. For a small online based company there are several options for advertising which would involve a small budget. The ones which will be considered are the use of Click Through advertising on Google, the ability to advertise on Facebook and point of sale advertising. What Driving Pass offer online www.drivingpass.ie is a vibrant and youthful website that has plenty of information, offers, tests and games to keep our customers interested. This is what our website has to offer: Vital information including the rules of the road free download. Practice theory tests online Useful links regarding the success of passing Mini parking games online Up to date statistics on all of our customers pass/fail Gift vouchers online Special offers online Maps of test routes to study Identification of target markets Based on the lifestyle of individuals or past driving experience, our customers needs may differ. Young learner drivers usually take longer and require more attention to the physical driving aspect. The more mature learner drivers are usually on tight schedules around work and home and have to take lessons during lunch or evenings. The main attention is drawn to the rules of the road and refresher course for the mature learners. For our more intense lessons, is the commercial learner driver, who requires more technical and detailed training. Within our industry we have divided them into segments as follows: Beginner Drivers Mature Drivers Commercial Drivers http://wsj.miniplan.com/spv/3166/4.cfm Competitor analysis rank 3-5 indirect direct Direct comeptitors John Bail Owen Doyle Dane Tyghe Martin Scallan Stephen Murphy Lorcan Merrigan Joe Long Margaret Cunningham Seamus Murphy Craig Healy Indirect Competitors Family members Driving simulators Competitor analysis grid Competitors Website Analysis These websites will be analysed by looking at the following: The Home Page. The Purchase Portal a sense of security. Ease of Navigation. Differentiating Factors. Availability of Contact Information and ease of use. John Bail (http://johnbailschofmotoring.vpweb.ie/default.html) This website is very bland and does not utilise the full width of the page. John Bail could use this extra space for advertising of insurance companies or useful links. There is no inclusion of approved driving instructor logo and really just pushes the fact that they are in business for over 30 years. On this site John used a picture of a customer after their first lesson along with a quote stating how brilliant the instructor was. This website only had three tabs which were home, about us and contact us. There was not a great deal of information put onto these pages and was not very appealing or eye catching with regards to layout and information provided. Dane Tyghe (http://www.letsdrive.ie/) The first good thing that stood out was that he has a section on the home page about what the customer thinks. This is always a good idea as a potential customer will like to see what other customers think of the service provided. In the introductory paragraph Dane clearly outlines the type of vehicles he will provide driving lessons in and then also provides contact information for a driving instructor that will provide lessons for the ones he does not cater for. I dont necessarily think this is a great point to put in the introduction as he should be trying to sell his service and information about him as opposed to praising another instructor. Half of the paragraph is about another instructor and I think this space would be better utilised by either leaving it blank as sometime too much text can be off putting for people to read or else fill in more info about his business. On the home page at the bottom there is an eye grabbing section in red print which states that not all of hi s offers are on the website but if a customer would like to find out more about them that they should ring the number supplied. This is a good idea as it will encourage a potential customer to ring and enquire about the offers and once they make contact with him they might be more likely to book a lesson. The home page also states that within the website you will find free information and advice on the driving test. There are 9 tabs that are available on the website. Also put in about approved driving instructor which gives the customer confidence in their service. Owen Doyle (http://www.owendoyleschoolofmotoring.com/): This website really stood out with the ig logo for approved driving instructor. By mentioning that the car is dual control might give more confidence to the more nervous learner. The website also states that cars are available for the driving test. This is a very important point to include as many new learner drivers will not possess or be able to attain a car for their driving test. Also it is a good idea as if a learner is getting lessons in the same car they will be more comfortable to do their test in the same car as they will be familiar with the overall manoeuvring of the car. Good use of slogan gets going with Owen. Also states on home page that they offer gift vouchers which stand out. People might just specifically be researching driving instructors with the intention to purchase gift vouchers for a family member friend so immediately they can see on the home page that this offer is available. The word contact is in bright red and does draw your attention to this sentence. I t also states that he is qualified RSA driving instructor which is something which should be included in the website as it gives the customer confidence in his teaching abilities. The website also says that he is very patient and conducts his lessons in a friendly manner. This will make the customer feel more relaxed as some learner drivers may feel a bit anxious about the instructor perhaps being a bit aggressive if theyre having difficulties and also knowing that he is patient will reassure them. It states that his school of motoring covers the whole of county wexford so is covering a wide geographic area compared to some instructors which may only cover areas in wexford town. Maintenance Website maintenance is really only required for larger businesses and not for small businesses like driving instructors. The reason for this, is driving instructors, do not really have to update their websites as much as corporate companies. To maintain a website for a driving instructor, you could outsource this for around à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬20 per hour or monthly contracts for around à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬100 which will also compare your website against your competitors to achieve greater advantage. This may not suit some driving instructors if business is not good and may have to revert back to maintaining their websites in house. Domain Name The name Driving Pass is still available and would be a great opportunity for the company to use this name as it is the name of your company and the major objectives of the website must be to increase the ranking on Google, specifically in Ireland. This is difficult to achieve and subject to a lot of speculation. The easiest way to achieve this is by paying for it also known as click through advertising, whereby every time the link is clicked a sum must be paid to stay high in the rankings. www.drivingpass.ie Conclusion Recommendations training facebook Facebook have a facility where your advertisement is only delivered to the profile you determine. The advantage of this is the ability to reach out to your audience. An advert can be tailored and delivered to the target audience based on keywords in the demographic profile and geographic location. If this is carefully done and the profile which is being aimed for is well known then this can have high success. Executive Summary Driving Pass is a successful school of motoring company and their main purpose is to ultimately make Irish roads safer by carefully teaching and coaching learner drivers. The location of the business is set up in Co. Wexford. As driving instructors is a highly competitive profession, it is imperative that Driving Pass utilise the web as a means of communicating to potential customers all the benefits their company can provide them.

Solutions to Computer Viruses :: Computer Viruses Software Technology Essays

Solutions to Computer Viruses Table Of Contents I Intro II Computer Virus Components a.Worms b.Trojan horses c.Logic bombs III   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Types of Viruses a.Boot sector virus b.File virus c.Macro virus d.Multipartite virus e.Polymorphic virus f.Stealth virus IV How Viruses Work a.Virus introduced to system b.Trojan activated c.Logic bomb activated d.Destructive part of virus activated V Most Common Viruses a.Jerusalem virus b.Cascade virus c.Brain virus d.Italian virus e.New Zealand virus VI Macro Virus a.What are they? b.How do they work VII How to Avoid Viruses a.Removing floppies from drive b.Don’t use pirated software c.Backup data d.Run virus check program periodically VIII Anti-virus Software a.Why would you use? b.Virus Scanner c.Types of Anti-virus software In this growing technological world, there is a dependency on computer systems. With the wide spread use of computer systems comes the threat of short programs that damage the system and other programs on that system. These short programs are called computer viruses. There are many computer viruses out there to infect unsuspecting system and programs. Along with these threats of infection comes the opportunity to eradicate these viruses before they infect systems. There are programs called anti-virus protection to help find and fix problems before they damage computer systems (Encyclopedia.com). Computer Virus and Components A computer virus can be defined as a rogue computer program, usually short in nature, designed to spread copies of itself to other computers and disrupt the computers’ normal operation. These viruses usually attach or insert themselves in or to a program or boot sector of a disk. It is spread through floppy disk, network, or routine on-line services. There are some viruses that are harmless, but others can destroy or corrupt data and cause an operating system or application program to malfunction. The three most common types of destructive computer programs are the Trojan horse, logic bombs, and the worm. â€Å"A virus is considered to be a worm with a logic bomb or Trojan horse component† (PC Upgrade). Worms are programs that copy themselves. They create images of themselves in a file or a certain part of a disk. The main reason for including a worm component in a virus is to spread the virus via floppy dick. Now everytime you format a disk or copy a disc, the worm now infects you floppy disk. The Trojan horse is a program hidden inside another useful looking program. When the useful program is running the Trojan horse is doing something like erasing your Fat and directory. The last of this triangle is the bomb. The bomb is a piece of code embedded in a program or the operating system that waits for a particular event to occur.

Analysis of two Commercial Brands of Bleaching Solution Essay

Objective To determine the concentrations of the active ingredients in 2 commercial bleaches. Introduction Sodium hypochlorite is usually found in bleaching solutions. It is the active ingredient of bleaching solutions. It bleaches by oxidation. When it is added to dye, the following reaction occurs: ClO- + dye —————-> Cl- + (dye + O) If the oxidized form of the dye is colorless, then the color of the dye would fade away. In the presence of acid, the hypochlorite ions from the bleaching solution reacts with the iodine ions from potassium iodide in the following way: ClO- + 2I- + 2H+ ———>I2 + H2O + Cl- When sodium thiosulphate solution is added into this reacted solution, a further reaction occurs: I2 + 2S2O32- ————–>2I- + S4O62- This reaction could be used in titration to find out the number of moles of thiosulphate ions, thus the concentration of hypochlorite ions in the bleaching solution. Procedure 1. 10 cm3 of Kao Bleach was pipette into a volumetric flask. Distilled water was added until the meniscus reaches the graduation point. 2. 25 cm3 of the titrated bleach was pipette into a conical flask. About 10 cm3 of potassium iodide and dilute sulphuric acid was added into the conical flask. 3. The solution was titrated with sodium thiosulphate solution until the brown colour of the iodine fades. 4. Starch solution was added into the conical flask, and the solution was further titrated until the dark-brown colour of the starch-iodine complex turns to colourless. The volume of sodium thiosulphate solution required to reach the end point was recorded. 5. Steps 1 to 4 were repeated 3 more times. 6. Steps 1 to 5 were repeated using Clorox Bleach. Data and Calculation Molarity of standard Na2S2O3 solution = 0.05182M Brand A: Kao Price: $11.9/ 1500ml Trial 1 2 3 Final reading/cm3 26.8 23.1 25.7 26.0 Initial reading/ cm3 4.1 0.4 2.9 3.2 Volume of Na2S2O3 22.7 22.7 22.8 22.8

College Is Not for Everyone Essay

College is not for everyone, but for these three high school students that is all they believe in. Most students’ think about boys, girls, prom, sports, etc. the list could go on in a teenagers head, nothing about their future or college. So when talking to an uplifting student such as Philippian about her education, it gives hope to educators, and inspires others to take their education seriously. Philippian Chatman a 17 year old senior, who attends Aldine Senior High School, is very passionate about school. â€Å"If you want to pursue your career and goals, college should be one of your main priorities, my parents have instilled in me to go to school and college, they worked hard to provide a life for me so that I can have an opportunity to go to college. † Said Chatman Education is such a big deal to many people but for Chatman it is her main priority. â€Å"I want to major in debate, teaching, and photography. I really like photography because people always see action in movies but photography you can say a lot without words. † Said Chatman. When asking what college’s Chatman was looking into, she had set high standards for her to achieve. â€Å"I would love to go to Duke, University of Texas, or PV. â€Å" Wondering why not Texas Southern University, she said â€Å" It’s a nice campus but just not for me, I would rather go away from home and venture out on my own. † Statistics shows total number of high school drop outs annually is 3,030,000. The numbers increase every year, especially for male students. Education is the future for today’s students, yet little take so seriously. For Edwin Rebollar, a 16 year old senior at Aldine high school, works very hard to make his education his first priority as well. He talks highly about going to college and goes out his way to make good grades. He also speaks highly about his parents pushing to go further with his education. â€Å"I feel like college can open so many opportunities for me, and I want to be something in life. † Rebollar said â€Å"my parents are really strict on my education, if I didn’t go to college they would be very disappointed to let my education go to waste. † Said Rebollar â€Å"I am really interested in films and that is what I want to go to college for. † Rebollar said. Also another great student who attends Eisenhower, is 15 year old McKenzi Pope, who talks nothing but about college, was very excited about what Texas Southern had to offer for their annual high school day. â€Å"I feel like everyone should go to college because it help expresses them, and also it’s a new beginning of getting to know who you are. † McKenzi said. â€Å"My family is so proud of what. I’m trying to do. † My mom always said my speech is going to take me far and I’m trying to let it take me all the way to Harvard University. I want to major in communications, I’m going to become something that my family will be proud of. â€Å" One thing that all students had in common was their passion for their education and the support of their parents to back them up. There is also the educators who always want to teach their students and making sure their retaining all the knowledge that they are giving out. Most teachers feel as though if there is no family support nor the want to learn then the student will be just another statistic and drop out. Omar Peters who is a Media teacher at Jack Yates High school, feels highly strong about his students learning and making sure they are able to go out and use it in the real world. â€Å" I make sure they understand the fundamentals. † I wanted my students to understand this is a very competitive field, and if you do not understand the technical side of this business you will not make. † I have gotten most of my students internships, jobs, e.

Database terms essays

Database terms essays Use short answers and examples to explain the following: Hierarchical Database Model An Operational database collects and stores data that is updated dynamically. This type of database is modified on regular intervals. A database containing account records for customers of a financial institution is an example of an operational database. This database is modified as customers change account information by performing various transactions at different intervals. An Analytical database is used to store data collected at a specific time. The data in this type of database remains constant and almost never changes. Companies conducting surveys or performing research often use this type of database. A marketing company conducting surveys on customers evaluation of a specific product would use an analytical database to store the results of the survey. The hierarchical database model defines hierarchical arranged data. The best way to visualize this type of database model is to visualize an upside down tree of data. In this tree a single table acts as the root of the database with other tables branching out from it. Relationships in a hierarchical database model are thought of in terms of parents and children. A child table has only one parent whereas a parent table can have many children. Links called pointers are use to tie parents to children. A parent will have a list of pointers to each of their children. The child/parent rule ensures that data is accessed systematically. To reach a lower-level table you must start at the root and work your way down through the tree structure to the desired target. The following diagram sho ...

Understanding the Wuthering Heights Title

Understanding the Wuthering Heights Title Wuthering Heights is a great title! It sounds Gothicit sets the mood for one of the most dramatic and tragic love stories in literary history. But, what is the significance of the title? Why is it important? How does it relate to the setting or characterization? The title of the novel is also the name of the Yorkshire family estate, located on the moors, but Emily Bronte appears to have used the title to imbue the text with a feeling of dark foreboding. She carefully created the mood of the novel and placed her characters on the wild moors. Other reasons for the title: Wutheringmeaning quite literally windy or blusterysets the scene for the volatile, often-stormy-passionate relationships in the novel, but it also sets the stage with the feeling of isolation and mystery.The setting is based on the Elizabethan farmhouse, Top Withens (or Top Within), located near Haworth, West Yorkshire, England. Heres more information (photos, description, etc.), from Haworth Village.In Ch 1 of the novel, we read: Wuthering Heights is the name of Mr. Heathcliffs dwelling. Wuthering being a significant provincial adjective, descriptive of the atmospheric tumult to which its station is exposed in stormy weather. Pure, bracing ventilation they must have up there at all times, indeed: one may guess the power of the north wind blowing over the edge, by the excessive slant of a few stunted firs at the end of the house; and by a range of gaunt thorns all stretching their limbs one way, as if craving alms of the sun. Happily, the architect had the foresight to build it stron g: the narrow windows are deeply set in the wall, and the corners defended with large jutting stones. In the Preface, we read: It is rustic all through. It is Moorish  and wild, and knotty as a root of heath. Nor was it natural that it should be otherwise; the author being herself a native and nursling of the moors. Doubtless, had her lot been cast in a town, her writings, if she had written at all, would have possessed another character. Even had a chance or taste led her to choose a similar subject, she would have treated it otherwise... her native hills were far more to her than a spectacle; they were what she lived for, and by, as much as the wild birds, their tenants, or as the heather, their produce. Her descriptions, then, of natural scenery are what they should be, and all they should be.We also read in the Preface: Having avowed that over much of Wuthering Heights there broods a horror of great darkness; that, in its storm-heated and electrical atmosphere, we seem at times to breathe lightning: let me point to those spots where clouded daylight and the eclipsed sun still a ttest their existence. The setting of the placeso dark moody and stormyalso sets the perfect stage for her obstinate lovers, who carry on such a tumultuous relationship. And, with ghostly visitations, and multiple generations in the mix, its all a mess of supernatural portents and mad passions. (We could almost recollect a Shakespearean tragedy.) Every relationship is charged... The landscape is the personification of the turmoil experienced by the characters of Wuthering Heights. Also, the raw, even (what has been described as) animalistic passions of the novel reminds us once again of the long and controversial history of the novel.

How to Recycle Different Types of Plastic

How to Recycle Different Types of Plastic Plastic is a versatile and inexpensive material with thousands of uses, but it is also a significant source of pollution. Some worrisome emerging environmental issues involve plastics, including gigantic oceanic garbage patches  and the microbeads problem. Recycling can alleviate some of the problems, but the confusion over what we can and cannot recycle continues to confound consumers. Plastics are particularly  troublesome, as different types require different processing to be reformulated and re-used as raw material. To effectively recycle plastic items, you need to know two things: the plastic number of the material, and which of these types of plastics your municipalitys recycling service accepts. Many facilities now accept #1 through #7  but check with them first to make sure. Recycling by the Numbers The symbol code we are familiar with - a single digit ranging from 1 to 7 surrounded by a triangle of arrows - was designed by The Society of the Plastics Industry (SPI) in 1988 to allow consumers and recyclers to differentiate types of plastics while providing a uniform coding system for manufacturers. The numbers, which 39 U.S. states now require to be molded or imprinted on all eight-ounce to five-gallon containers that can accept the half-inch minimum-size symbol, identify the type of plastic. According to the American Plastics Council, an industry trade group, the symbols also help recyclers do their jobs more effectively. PET (Polyethylene terephthalate) The easiest and most common plastics to recycle are made of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) and are assigned the number 1. Examples include soda and water bottles, medicine containers, and many other common consumer product containers. Once it has been processed by a recycling facility, PET can become fiberfill for winter coats, sleeping bags, and life jackets. It can also be used to make beanbags, rope, car bumpers, tennis ball felt, combs, sails for boats, furniture and, of course, other plastic bottles. However tempting it may be,  PET #1 bottles should not be re-purposed as reusable water bottles. HDPE (High-density polyethylene plastics) Number 2 is reserved for high-density polyethylene plastics (HDPE). These include heavier containers that hold laundry detergents and bleaches as well as milk, shampoo, and motor oil. Plastic labeled with the number 2 is often recycled into toys, piping, truck bed liners, and rope. Like plastic designated number 1, it is widely accepted at recycling centers. V (Vinyl) Polyvinyl chloride, commonly used in plastic pipes, shower curtains, medical tubing, vinyl dashboards, gets number 3. Once recycled, it can be ground up and reused to make vinyl flooring, window frames, or piping. LDPE (Low-density polyethylene) Low-density polyethylene (LDPE) is number 4 and is used to make thin, flexible plastics like wrapping films, grocery bags, sandwich bags, and a variety of soft packaging materials. PP (Polypropylene) Some food containers are made with the stronger polypropylene plastic (number 5) as well as a large proportion of plastic caps. PS (Polystyrene) Number 6 goes on polystyrene (commonly called  Styrofoam) items such as coffee cups, disposable cutlery, meat trays, packing â€Å"peanuts† and insulation. It can be reprocessed into many items, including rigid insulation. However, the foam versions of plastic #6 (for example, cheap coffee cups) pick up a lot of dirt and other contaminants during the handling process, and often just ends up being thrown away at the recycling facility.   Others Last, are items crafted from various combinations of the aforementioned plastics or from unique plastic formulations not commonly used. Usually imprinted with a number 7 or nothing at all, these plastics are the most difficult to recycle. If your municipality accepts #7, good, but otherwise you will have to re-purpose the object or throw it in the trash. Better yet, do  not buy it in the first place. More ambitious consumers can feel free to return such items to the product manufacturers to avoid contributing to the local waste stream, and instead, put the burden on the makers to recycle or dispose of the items properly. EarthTalk is a regular feature of E/The Environmental Magazine. Selected EarthTalk columns are reprinted here by permission of the editors of E. Edited by Frederic Beaudry.

Descartes First Meditation paper and Moore's Certainty paper Essay - 2

Descartes First Meditation paper and Moore's Certainty paper - Essay Example Therefore, this is a research paper with detailed information regarding different issues at hand. Studies show that, equity financing is a method or means used to generate share capital resources from external investors (Coyle 2002, p. 46). A general assumption is usually made when sourcing for equity finance, where long term and medium profits is the key target after the whole process of equity financing is completed. The major circumstance that surrounds any new business, which leads it to source share capital in this way, is because Alpha Personal Care Systems is not in a good position to pay loan interests at its start. This is because the share capital needed for core activities that will make the company overcome existing market challenges and come up with unique products at affordable (Peter 2006, p.43). There are various sources of share capital, which include venture capitalists and business angels. Take a critical look at the two serious sources, studies reveal that there advantages and disadvantages of adopting the use of one the sources as equity finance generator (Doug 2009, p. 86). To begin with, Peter and Julie`s new company will enjoy the advantages of using business angel as share capital or equity finance resource (Pinson 2008, p.30). Naturally, business angels fancy channeling their funds on high-risk entrepreneurial firms. Secondly, because Peter and Julie prefer getting small amounts of money for equity capital, it fall well within the business angel`s interest as the business angels consider funding small amounts that fall within the preferred equity finance gap to enable new venture launch. This is a big advantage as there will be minimal foreign impact on Alpha Personal Care Systems in terms of investments and decision making in the future. Every good source of finance has its disadvantages, in the case of Peter and Julie`s selection of business angels has a few disadvantages (Jefferson 2001, p.48). To

The British Welfare State Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 5000 words

The British Welfare State - Essay Example This essay deals with the British Welfare State, the influences and personalities that brought it about its origins, development, problems and benefits. It looks at such things as legislation and the reports on which such laws are based. In particular it considers the inequalities the welfare state sought to redress, but also point out inequalities in more recent years, and the possible reasons behind these. This essay will deal with the British Welfare System and the inequalities it sought to remedy in such areas as education, employment opportunities, justice and health. The United Kingdom is a state in which centralised government , and the legislation it produces, directs its welfare system to a great extent. However, although one state, it is not one country. This means, especially since the setting up of separate parliaments that legislation and therefore provision and available services in Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland as well as in England will differ to some extent. A lso there is no one ‘Welfare State Ministry’. The Cabinet office for instance is responsible for public service reform, the Treasury for finances, and there are of course numerous othe rinvovled departemnts and agencies. This means that in some cases inequalities are built into the governmantal system. However reasons for inequalities are many and varied , and not just linked to legislation. This essay will consider the failures as well as the positive attributes of such a system , and why these occurred and continue to do so. It will look briefly at the history and origins of the present system and its gradual development. It will consider problems that have arisen and why these occurred. One of the initial problems is perhaps the definition of inequality within society. Is it to do with equality of opportunity or equality of outcome? The former for instance was dealt with by such things as the provision of free secondary education for all. But all children were not as capable intellectually of benefiting from a grammer school education and so schools were developed offering education of a more practical nature. Some of those who passed the grammer school entrance examinations could not proceed for economic reasons or because of family pressures and so ended up in secondary modern or technical schools, for which presumably they were not best suited. All this means that, in the case of education at least, although technically there was an equality of opportunity, in fact there was not, and there certainly could never be equalities of outcomes. In more recent times parents have supposedly been given more choice as to which schools their children will go to, but the practice falls far short of such an idealistic situation. With regards to health perhaps the situation would be more equal? After all the health service was set up as free at the point of need. But now in the 21st century the media are full of the ‘post code lottery’ or repo rts about some Health Care Trusts refusing to fund certain treatments, in some cases potentiality life saving, which are available in other areas, or, of course, to those who are willing and able to pay. Inequality rules therefore in health care as in other areas of society. There has always been economic inequality in human societies since the very first caveman noticed that his neighbour had a better axe than he has. The exact nature of inequalities in society, their causes and effects as well as their importance have long been a matter for debate, but is clear that the varying abilities of people to create wealth for whatever reasons , are part of the complex pattern of equalities in soci

Job Application Questions Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Job Application Questions - Essay Example I respond to daily inquires by telephone and in written correspondence. Most of this communication explains why a claim was denied. To appropriately identify whether a claim was denied in error I reference CPD/CSC desk procedures to research each denial. For instance, if a claim was denied for a code196, surgery not authorized in ASC, I reference the CPD/CSC desk procedures to research whether the code is found in Tricare’s ASC list and in Medicare’s list. I then use the X-code job aide to verify the correct code was used to process the claim. The CHAMPVA policies and regulations are designed to outline the Code of Federal Regulations (CFR). Medicare, Tricare, and CHAMPVA follow rules and regulations listed in the CFR. CHAMPVA follows Tricare’s policy, guidelines, and allowable rates. As a CSR it is important for me to cite various federal codes to providers, sponsors, and beneficiaries. This is especially true when it comes to timely filing, allowable rates, and cost sharing given that these are the areas that are most often appealed. For instance, the Code of Federal Regulations (38 CFR 17.275) outlines a claim filing deadline. With CHAMPVA it is one year from date of service (DOS) for outpatient services but for inpatient services it is one year from discharge date. In the case of retroactive approval, it is 180 days following beneficiary notification of authorization. In the 38 CFR 17.276 outline the appeal and review process for CHAMPVA for claim denials, providers and beneficiaries have one year from denial date to submit an appeal, and 90 days to submit a second level appeal after the initial appeal denial. I use EncoderPro for Internet sufficient research to evaluate sources and appropriately analyze information. To properly answer calls on whether a benefit is covered, using EncoderPro helps me navigate the CHAMPVA policy manual to find the

Customer's Grade Course Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Customer's Grade Course - Essay Example The focus in the third article is on performance variance among different airlines. The fourth conducts a multivariate analysis to assess the relationship between an airline’s financial and operating characteristics and the service quality. In the fifth study, the service quality is assessed on the basis of the Analytic Hierarchy Process which involves the evaluation and comparison of service quality among different companies. The sixth study looks at how competition can determine service quality by looking at the connection between market concentration and the delay of flights. The Scope and Objectives In the first article, the authors present an analysis of the underlying dimensions of service quality for low cost carriers. The study also seeks to determine the relationships between the aspect of service quality and the satisfaction of the passengers on the airlines services (Asbudin, 2010). The investigations of Park, Robertson and Wu (2005) were centered on the effects of airline service quality on its image and passengers’ future behavioral intentions in the Australian International Air. Thereafter, another study by Rhoades and Waguespack (2000) dwelt on service quality in the U.S. Airline industry. ... quality variables such as complaint rates, delays and involuntary denials of boarding; and operating and financial variable(market share, load factor, revenue per passenger) Mazzeo (2003) study examined the effect of competition in a given route on quality of services delivered in the U.S. airline industry. Finally, the last paper uses the Analytic Hierarchy Process (Ahp) to come up with an evaluation of service quality of airlines (Pei, Peng & Mustafa, 2005). Methodology Ariffin, Salleh, Aziz & Asbudin sampling method to acquire their respondents through questionnaire method. The respondents who qualified for the study had flown in a three hour local low cost flight in Kuala Lumpa. Twenty seven questions enquiring on the service quality were at hand and 125 questionnaires were distributed, 100 filled ones were used for analytical findings. 17 queries were on the airline service operation expectations while 7 incorporated the original SERVQUAL parameters. The last three aimed at pres enting special service extent in the Industry. Eigen value measure, factor loading and multiple regression analyses were used in the final analysis of the data obtained. Those with Eigen value less than 1 and factor loading less than 0.5 were discarded. Rhoades and Waguespack article dwelt with airlines in the U.S. numbering 25 between 1987-1996 whereby 12 were major ones and 13 were regional carriers. Data on various complaints were obtained from the Department of Transport Air Travel Consumer Report. The one on departures from the Bureau of Transportation Statistics, and used in the normalization of the quality measures. Service quality rate was calculated adding the following: late flights, consumer complaints, involuntary deprived of boarding and mishandled luggage reports divided by

The law and the media Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

The law and the media - Essay Example When defamation is established, there is a legal presumption of deceptiveness (Defamation). A report by the Washington post related to a weight lifting coach, Mr. Bob Hoffman stated that the coach sold valueless protein supplements called Hoffman’s high protein tablets. The article also clearly depicted that Hoffman also drove a Rolls Royce car and many of his athletes were discovered later to be using the banned anabolic steroids. Hoffman sued the newspaper stating that the news gave an impression that he supplemented himself by selling the protein tablets. The newspaper made counterclaims that the statements they collected were from individuals and there is no case of defamation. The law of defamation fully states or recognizes that truth is a complete defense, but defamation cases which are not direct, as in the above case always smudge the line between truth and fabrication. An article which is factually correct will omit or may imply falsely a material fact that will make the article harmful like a truly false report. Even though the weight lifting coach sold p rotein enriched tablets to his athletes, the fact that it contained anabolic steroids had no evidential support. The newspaper had published the article without undergoing scientific trials to establish the truth of their claim. Therefore the article was truly a case of defamation. Even courts have struggled to give a clear and true verdict to this matter. The media cannot defend false statements as facts. It is also not possible to defend on the basis of an omitted fact. The case of defamation against Mr. Hoffman is a true case of defamation because the newspaper has published false statement that caused loss of name and reputation for the coach in front of the public. The media should not use its influence and coverage to gain undue weightage among its readers by publishing defamatory articles (Cohn). Privacy can

Women and the advancement they have made in society Essay

Women and the advancement they have made in society - Essay Example They have come at par with men and work shoulder to shoulder with men in every matter. The per capita income of women has increased over the years. Women have made their representation noticeable in the social and political scenario. â€Å"Moreover, extensive local, national and global networks of women have succeeded in putting women’s concerns on the global agenda and catalyzed the creation of legal and institutional mechanisms to address these concerns† (â€Å"Perspective: The eradication of violence†). Today, many NGOs are functional that work for the rights of women. Despite the rapid advancement of women in the society, women have continued to be the victims of domestic violence. A lot of women are mutilated, humiliated, raped and abused every day. However, the reaction of society to such issues has changed in the favor of women. In the past, many such cases went uninvestigated for many reasons. Either women were too shy to bring such issues in front of the society and put their modesty at stake, or else, the systems were not as established to ensure an efficient working against the criminals. However, in the contemporary age, women have become quite vocal regarding the injustice they are offered which has shaken the foundations of violence in the society.

The law and the media Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

The law and the media - Essay Example When defamation is established, there is a legal presumption of deceptiveness (Defamation). A report by the Washington post related to a weight lifting coach, Mr. Bob Hoffman stated that the coach sold valueless protein supplements called Hoffman’s high protein tablets. The article also clearly depicted that Hoffman also drove a Rolls Royce car and many of his athletes were discovered later to be using the banned anabolic steroids. Hoffman sued the newspaper stating that the news gave an impression that he supplemented himself by selling the protein tablets. The newspaper made counterclaims that the statements they collected were from individuals and there is no case of defamation. The law of defamation fully states or recognizes that truth is a complete defense, but defamation cases which are not direct, as in the above case always smudge the line between truth and fabrication. An article which is factually correct will omit or may imply falsely a material fact that will make the article harmful like a truly false report. Even though the weight lifting coach sold p rotein enriched tablets to his athletes, the fact that it contained anabolic steroids had no evidential support. The newspaper had published the article without undergoing scientific trials to establish the truth of their claim. Therefore the article was truly a case of defamation. Even courts have struggled to give a clear and true verdict to this matter. The media cannot defend false statements as facts. It is also not possible to defend on the basis of an omitted fact. The case of defamation against Mr. Hoffman is a true case of defamation because the newspaper has published false statement that caused loss of name and reputation for the coach in front of the public. The media should not use its influence and coverage to gain undue weightage among its readers by publishing defamatory articles (Cohn). Privacy can

Parkinsons term paper Essay Example for Free

Parkinsons term paper Essay Parkinsons disease is characterized as a degenerative disorder of the central nervous system which is understood to persist and continually worsen over time. It is the second most common neurological disorder. Parkinson’s disease affects approximately one million people within the United States. This disorder progresses slowly and is unique in the sense that Parkinson’s disease can be caused by genetics among other things. Parkinson’s disease is well known for its characteristic tremors, stiffness, and difficulty with speech in the patients it affects. Parkinson’s disease is caused by diminishment of the substantia nigra in the tegmentum which controls motor functions within the body. This disease is classified as a basil ganglionic disorder which causes a breakdown of dopamineric neurons in the substancia nigra, located in the midbrain. The substancia nigra is composed of neuromelanin which pigments the substancia nigra and gives it its darker characteristic. The neuromelanin also connects to the motor cortex which is responsible for one’s motor control and balance. The chemical dopamine is created in the substantia nigra. The basil ganglia receives inputs from the motor cortex, the association cortex, and the substancia nigra. The basil ganglia then sends messages to the motor cortex by way of the thalamus. With Parkinson’s disease, the nigral neurons are damaged, which causes the neuromelanin to be free to move into the adjacent tissue where it is phagocytosed and moved away by macrophages. This degenerative process not only destroys the process of creating dopamine, but it also causes the pigmentation of the substancia nigra to change and become lighter in appearance. The lack of dopamine-related input from the substantia nigra negatively changes the equilibrium of the output from the basil ganglia to the motor cortex. This alteration in the equilibrium then causes the symptoms related to Parkinson’s disease. The d irect cause of Parkinson’s disease remains a medical mystery, but many factors can participate in determining whether one is susceptible to developing Parkinson’s disease in  the future. The exposure to specific toxins in the environment and various environmental factors has the possibility of playing a role in those who were diagnosed with Parkinson’s disease. Another possible cause of Parkinson’s disease is the role of one’s genetics. It is found that certain mutations can give rise to Parkinson’s disease, although this is uncommon. The brains of patients with Parkinson’s disease change as the disease progresses. Lewy bodies are microscopic markers that characterize the presence of Parkinson’s disease within a patient. They are abnormal microscopic protein deposits that form in the brain and play a role in disrupting the brain’s normal functions. This disruption causes deterioration. Lewy bodies contain A-synuclein which is a protein that cells cannot break down. Early indicators of Parkinson’s disease include tremors or shaking which can reside in one’s finger, thumb, hand, lip, or chin, though shaking is normal after extensive physical activity, injury, or may be due to medications. If one’s handwriting begins to appear smaller over a short period of time, it could be a warning sign of Parkinson’s although one should not base their self-diagnosis upon handwriting, for handwriting can change as one advances in age, but this happens over time and not suddenly. A loss of smell in specific foods can be an indicator, but a loss of smell can also be related to the possession of the common cold or the flu. Another early sign may be sudden movements while sleeping such as falling out of the bed or kicking and punching. It is important to understand that people on occasion may experience difficulty sleeping. Chronic stiffness can be a sign, but this symptom can also be caused by an injury or arthritis. If one is experiencing constipation on a daily basis, this can be considered a sign of Parkinson’s disease, although a lack of fiber in one’s diet or medications can determine the moving of one’s bowels. Having recently possessed a soft o r low voice is an indicator unless one has a chest cold or other virus. If one has the appearance of a masked face, a blank stare that persists, or undergoes a long duration of time without the action of blinking, these may be precursors to having Parkinson’s disease. Feeling dizzy or fainting can be signs of low blood pressure and may be connected to Parkinson’s disease along with the inability to stand up straight. There are many Parkinson’s-related symptoms that are known today. The most obvious of symptoms is a resting tremor. A shaking, or tremor, normally starts in one’s  limb, and it is often located on a hand or fingers. This resting tremor usually stops when the patient is voluntarily moving the limb affected by the tremor. A â€Å"pill-rolling† tremor is common and is characterized by one rolling one’s thumb and forefinger. These tremors can be noticed when the limb is even at a relaxed state. Due to the tremors and inability to control certain motor functions, writing can become difficult for patient s with Parkinson’s disease. It is noted that when writing, those effected with Parkinson’s disease posses handwriting that is characteristically small. Bradykinesia, or a slowing of movement, can be present. Parkinson’s disease has the ability to cause one to move slower which can make simple every-day tasks a challenge. With bradykinesia, one’s steps may become smaller in distance when being mobile, and one’s feet may begin to drag when walking. Excessive muscle tone or hypertonia may be prevalent in patients with Parkinson’s disease and will manifest itself as stiffness or rigidness which causes pain and a loss in one’s range of motion. Parkinson’s disease patients may experience posture impairment and balance, for a patient’s posture can become stooped, and balance can be lost. Patients diagnosed with Parkinson’s disease may experience a loss in their autonomic functions which include and are not limited to smiling, swinging one’s arms while walking, and blinking. This loss in autonomic function caused a select number of patients to stop using their hands while speaki ng in normal conversations. Speech changes can affect those living with Parkinson’s disease. One may speak out of rhythm in such a way that it may sound soft, quick, hesitant, monotone or slurred. Diagnosing Parkinson’s disease is not a simple process, for a test for Parkinson’s disease does not yet exist. In order to be diagnosed with Parkinson’s disease, a neurologist must first obtain a detailed medical history of the patient being diagnosed, a review of the patient’s signs and symptoms, a physical examination, and a neurological examination. Tests to exclude other conditions may be ordered to ensure proper diagnosis of the disorder. Once a patient has undergone sufficient testing and examining, the doctor may prescribe the patient the medication carbidopa-levodopa, which is a Parkinson’s disease medicine. If the patient improves considerably while on the medication, this often confirms a Parkinson’s disease diagnosis.  There exists a wide-range of treatments for patients that suffer from Parkinson’s disease from drug treatments to surgical treatments. The pharmacologic approach for those with Parkinson’s disease aims to increase the lack of dopamine in the patient’s basil ganglia. L-dopa or Levodopa is a drug that can cross the blood-brain barrier. The brain can convert this drug to dopamine. Carbidopa can also be prescribed to patients afflicted with Parkinson’s disease. Carbidopa is a decarboxylase inhibitor and, when taken with levodopa, can aid levodopa from converting to dopamine outside of the brain. The combination of medications allows for more levodopa to reach the brain which ultimately increases the brain’s supply of dopamine. These two medications decrease the side effects which are caused by an increased amount of dopamine outside of the brain. They reduce the supply of â€Å"free† dopamine from residing outside of the brain. An excess of dopamine outside of the brain could result in low blood pressure, vomiting, and nausea. Other medications include dopamine agonists which directly stimulate nerve receptors inside of the brain which are usually stimulated by dopamine. In contrast to the medication levodopa, dopamine agonists do not convert into dopamine but rather behave like dopamine. Dopamine agonists are utilized in patients that are in the early stages of Parkinson’s disease and may be added to a treatment plan along with levodopa in the later stages of Parkinson’s disease. It may also be added when levodopa alone cannot sufficiently manage the patient’s symptoms or when the patient has severe motor fluctuations. Side effects associated with levodopa-carbidopa include dizziness upon rising, confusion, nausea, movement disorders, and hallucinations. Side effects commonly associated with dopamine agonists are vomiting, nausea, and orthostatic hypotension. Surgical treatment options are available for those who suffer from Parkinson’s. These surgical treatments are intended to control symptoms related to Parkinson’s disease patients who do not positively respond to medications. One of the surgical treatments crea tes a lesion in specific portions of the thalamus within the midbrain which become overactive in Parkinson’s disease. A reversible procedure that can be used on patients diagnosed with Parkinson’s disease is deep brain stimulation, or DBS. With this procedure, electrodes are implanted into exact locations. These locations are treated then with pulses of electrical currents. Why deep brain stimulation works is unknown. Medical  experts believe that the current could be activating, affecting, or inhibiting synaptic transmission onto neurons in the vicinity of the electrodes. The future prospects for a cure for Parkinson’s disease are promising, for the medical community has begun to identify the genetic causes linked to Parkinson’s disease. This allows the medical community to expand animal models of Parkinson’s disease. These will be highly useful in the process of understanding the pathogenesis of the disease and will be useful in further testing the neuroprotective therapies which can potentially aid in the fight against the progression of Parkinson’s disease. A different potential approach in the future would be to engage in the replacement of lost neurons via transplantation, which would be highly difficult and tedious. Overall, Parkinson’s disease is well on the way to being better understood and through this und erstanding scientists will be able to directly identify the source of this disease and eventually find a method that directly cures this disease. References Etiology. (n.d.). Merriam-Webster. Retrieved March 13,2014, from http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/etiology Welcome to the Purdue OWL. (n.d.). Purdue OWL: APA Formatting and Style Guide. Retrieved March 13, 2014, from https://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/560/01 Parkinson’s: Symptoms Types. (n.d.). WebMD. Retrieved March 13, 2014, from http://www.webmd.com/parkinsons-disease/guide/parkinsons-symptons-types Parkinson’s disease. (n.d.). Complications. Retrieved March 13, 2014, from http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/parkinsons-disease/basics/complications/con-20028488 Parkinson’s Disease. (n.d.). Parkinson’s Disease. Retrieved March 13, 2014, from http:// courses.washington.edu/conj/bess/parkinsons.html Nisipeanu, P. (n.d.). Parkinson’s Disease: Diagnosis and Clinical Management. Adverse Effects of Dopamine Agonists. Retrieved March 13, 2014, from http://www.ncbi.nih.gov/books/NBK27800/ Levodopa Medicines for Parkinsonâ€℠¢s Disease. (n.d.). WebMD. Retrieved March 13, 2014, from http:// www.wbmd.com/parkinsons-disease/levodopa-medications-for-parkinsons-disease Dopamine Agonists for Parkinson’s Disease. (n.d.). WebMD. Retrieved March 13, 2014, from

Relationship of Digit Ratio With Cardiovascular Endurance

Relationship of Digit Ratio With Cardiovascular Endurance This first chapter represents a review of the conducted study. In this chapter, there are several subtopics that have been reviewed. The following topics provide the descriptions regarding to background of the study, statement of the problem, research questions, hypotheses involved, conceptual framework, significance of the study, and definition of terms that been used in this study. Lastly, the structure of this study is outlined in the last part of the chapter. BACKGROUND OF STUDY Application of digit ratio which is known to be related to prenatal testosterone hormone had been used widely across the world and its submission in the area of sports, health and fitness had attracted a swarming interest among practitioner and generated many interesting findings. However, in the midst of discovering the application of digit ratio which mainly focused on adults, interest towards the children is still lacking which bring towards the establishment of this study. Digit ratio have stirred considerable amount of research in relation with various traits of putatively linked to sex hormone (Putz, Gaulin, Sporter, McBurney., 2004). Known as the ratio between the second digit, which is the index finger and the fourth digit, the ring finger had shown diversified results with several researcher reported significant correlations between digit ratio and such diverse traits as fertility, sexual attitudes and orientation, status, cognitive abilities, health and athletic prowess (Manning, Churchill Peters, 2007; Coates, Gurnell Rustichini, 2009; Manning, 2002a; Manning et.al., 2007; Williams et.al., 2000). The association between pattern formation and numbers of prenatal testosterone and estrogen may lie in the actions Homeobox or Hox genes in vertebrates, including humans, the Hox gene family is vital for the differentiation of both the urinogenital system (including the testes and ovaries) and the digit (Herault, Fradeau, Zakany Ulnaless., 1997). The sexual dimorphism is determined as early as the 14th week of fetal life, and remains unchanged at puberty. In children, digit ratio has been reported to be associated with measures of fetal growth, congenital adrenal hyperplasia, developmental psychopathology, autism and Asperger’s syndrome (Manning, 2004). Hence, if digit ratio is associated to prenatal testosterone and oestrogen then the differences such as finger ratio should also be determined in utero. Thus indicate that children should reflect differentiation of digit ratio which is fundamentally the same as in adults. Preceding information of major health problems and their threat factors towards children, abundant field based fitness test batteries have been developed to assess fitness in this population. In conjunction with the issues, major reviews covering the matter involved in obtaining accurate and reliable measurements have been published and this include the application of relative length of 2nd (index finger) and 4th (ring finger) as a predictive intervention to be used in diagnosis, prognosis, and in early life-style interventions which may delay onset of disease or facilitate its early detection (Manning Bundred., 2000) Precise measurement of children’s activity is thought-provoking, as the application is characteristically irregular and recurrent; consist of regular, short sessions. However, health related fitness is notoriously difficult to measure and these difficulties are particularly exacerbated when assessing activity in children. Numerous methods exist for the measurement of health related fitness. Selection of a measurement method depends on the purpose of the evaluation, the nature of the study population, and the resources available. The various components of health related fitness can be assessed accurately in the laboratory and, in many cases, in the field by using a composite of performance tests. Valid and reliable assessment measures are critical for identifying relevant trends in the activity patterns of young people and for determining the impact of intervention programs and curriculum implementation. Measures of health related components have been used for many years with children; however, these measures may not accurately reflect levels of their health. Prenatal testosterone has been shown to stimulate anabolic process in skeletal muscle and appears to be principal hormone responsible for the development of strength. Testosterone level increases during early stage of puberty to rapid increase in mid-late puberty in boys whereas high level of oestrogen causes inhibition of muscle growth as a result of skeletal maturation (Manning, Trivers, Thornhill Singh., 2000). Muscular strength improvement among children are negatively associated with changes in overall adiposity (Ruiz et.al., 2009). Clinical and invasive muscle strength measurement of different muscle group is time consuming and a quick and simple measurement might provide a good indication of general muscle strength. Therefore, in this study the implementation of digit ratio is predicted could be used as measuring tools for muscle strength as it had been found to be correlate with prenatal testosterone which is found to be significant with strength among adult male (Fink et.al ., 2006). Furthermore, prenatal testosterone exposure is believed to have an impact on the fetal cardiovascular system with higher levels of testosterone possibly assisting in the development of more efficient running economy (Manning et. al., 2007). There is a strong evidence signifying that cardiorespiratory fitness in childhood and adolescence is a predictor of cardiovascular disease risk factors such as abnormal blood lipids, high blood pressure and overall and central adiposity later in life (Ruiz et.al.,2009). Adverse CVD (Cardiovascular Disease) risk factors during childhood also seem to track into adulthood (Andersen et.al, 2004) with evidence indicating that the main cause of CVD has their origin in childhood and adolescence (Mc.Gill et.al, 2000; Strong et.al., 1992). Therefore application of digit ratio measurement will be used in this study as a predictor to assess cardiovascular endurance among school. Rapid advancement in socioeconomics situation in many countries in Asia, including Malaysia, has resulted in significant changes in the lifestyle of communities which also affect children in this country. Obesity is associated with adverse health outcomes among both children and adults (Freedman et. al., 2001) and overweight status tends to track from childhood into adulthood (Must et.al., 1992). Due to the treatment of obesity is unsuccessful frequently; primary prevention of obesity has become an important public health priority. Many experts have recommended that public health initiatives to prevent obesity should begin with our youngest children. Therefore, digit ratio which is closely related to prenatal testosterone hormone is predicted in this study to have direct relationship towards body composition physical level among school children. 1.3 CARDIOVASCULAR ENDURANCE In studies investigating the primary or secondary prevention of cardiovascular diseases, the major component of physical fitness that has been related to cardiovascular health or risk has been cardiorespiratory fitness or capacity (also referred to as cardiovascular, aerobic, or endurance fitness or capacity). Although other components of physical fitness, such as muscle strength or endurance, may relate to some aspects of cardiovascular health, few data document these relations. One of the major reasons for measuring cardiovascular fitness in studies of the relation between physical activity and health is that habitual physical activity status is one of the major determinants of cardiovascular fitness. Other determinants include age, sex, heredity, medical status, and selected health-related behaviours (Malina Bouchard, 1989). Thus, tests of cardiovascular fitness can be used as objective, surrogate measures of physical activity status with the understanding that factors other than activity influence the results. The magnitude of the effects of these other factors is generally reduced when changes in fitness are measured to verify changes in activity status. 1.4 MUSCULAR STRENGTH Muscle strength can be measured during performance of either static or dynamic muscle contraction (Wilmore, 1989). Like muscle endurance, strength is specific to the muscle group, and therefore the testing of one muscle group does not provide accurate information about the strength of other muscle groups (Clarke, 1973). Thus, to be effective, strength testing must involve at least several major muscle groups, including the upper body, trunk, and lower body. Standard tests have included the bench press, leg extension, and biceps curl with free weights. The heaviest weight a person can lift one time through the full range of motion is considered the person’s maximum strength. 1.5 BODY COMPOSITION Obesity in children and adolescents is both predominant and increasing in developed and developing countries and is therefore deemed a major international public health issue. Moreover, obesity tracks from adolescent to adulthood with obese adolescents at increased risks of morbidity and mortality in adulthood, irrespective of adult weight status. Obesity caused by chronic energy imbalance resulting in the storing of excess energy adipose tissue. Measuring physical activity following obesity treatment is important to elucidate how treatment has impacted on behaviour that influences energy balance. 1.6PROBLEM STATEMENT During the last decades, a great deal of attention has been devoted to the fitness of children and adolescents. As a result, numerous field based test batteries have been developed to assess fitness in this population. Field test provide reasonable alternative since they are time-efficient, low in cost and equipment requirement can be easily administered to a large number of people simultaneously. However, in order for the assessment to be considered, it should measure what it is supposed to measure. Therefore, digit ratio which is found to be negatively correlating with prenatal testosterone levels in humans could be established as a valid predictor to assess health related fitness and physical activity level will be discovered in this study. Many reported relationships of digit ratio are restricted to adult population. Small amount of research relating digit ratio with children had restricted the application of this method to act as an alternative field test. Biologic development of school age children occurs intensely, unevenly and differently among individuals. Greater sensitivity to detect biological sources of variation in children ability to exert maximum muscular effort (muscular strength) and the ability of heart to deliver oxygen to working muscle and sustain for long period of time (cardiovascular endurance) is believe could be predicted by digit ratio (prenatal testosterone hormone). If digit ratio in adults correlates with prenatal testosterone, it is expected to be presented in young children as the digit ratio among individuals should not change with growth and digit ratio should show little absolute change with growth in children (Manning et. al., 1998). PURPOSE OF STUDY The purposes of this study were threefold. First was to identify the relationship of digit ratio with cardiovascular endurance among school children. A secondary purpose of this study was to identify the relationship of digit ratio with muscular endurance among school children among school children. Lastly, the purpose of study was to provide current scientific evidence based data related with digit ratio in relation with body composition among school children that could be implemented as a new measurement intervention on measuring cardiovascular endurance, muscular strength and body composition among school children. RESEARCH OBJECTIVES Muscular strength, cardiovascular endurance and body composition are predicted through digit ratio are the main objectives of this study. Therefore, the objectives of this study are: To determine the relationship between digit ratio and muscular strength among public school children in Selangor. To measure the relationship between digit ratio and cardiovascular endurance among public school children in Selangor. To determine the relationship between digit ratio and body composition among public school children in Selangor. RESEARCH HYPOTHESES Based on the issues regarding muscular strength, cardiovascular endurance and body composition with digit ratio measurement that need to be addressed, the following hypotheses were formed to identify the outcome of this study. Therefore, for the purpose of this study, the hypotheses are: Ho1 : There is no significant relationship between digit ratio and muscular strength among public school children in Selangor. Ho2 : There is no significant relationship between digit ratio and cardiovascular endurance among public school children in Selangor. Ho3 : There is no significant relationship between digit ratio measurement and body composition among public school children in Selangor. SIGNIFICANCE OF STUDY The outcome of this study is hope could act as an alternative approach on predicting muscular strength, cardiovascular endurance and body composition among children through implementation of simple, quick and reliable digit ratio measurement. Besides that, this study also hopes could be part of a measurement application for talent identification consideration among children especially school children. Lastly, the significance of this study is hope to provide additional information with relationship of biological marker to identify muscular strength, cardiovascular endurance and body composition among children as current biological testing to identify biological condition among children require laboratory testing only. SCOPE AND LIMITATION The scope of this study is to provide new alternative and reliable method in predicting muscular strength, cardiovascular endurance and body composition among school children in Selangor. This however will limit to only selected physical fitness test and not applicable for comparison with other physical test. Number of subjects will be used in this study is based on current student intake throughout public school in Selangor with consideration of age. Therefore, from 645 primary school in Selangor, a different amount of subject from different numbers of school may render different outcome. DEFINITION OF TERM Digit Ratio In this study, digit ratio is a relative length between the second finger (index finger) and the fourth finger (ring finger). It is sexually dimorphic with male having a lower mean compared to female and shown to be positively correlated with oestrogen and negatively correlated with prenatal testosterone. Cardiovascular Endurance A health-related component of physical endurance fitness that relates to the ability of the circulatory and respiratory systems to supply fuel during sustained physical activity and to eliminate fatigue products after supplying fuel which in this study indicate through bleep test. Muscular Strength Muscular strength is another health-related component of physical fitness that relates to the amount of external force that a muscle can exert. It is important as every human body movement require certain amount of strength in order to execute certain activities. This will be determine in this study through handgrip strength test. Body Composition Body composition refers to the combination of lean tissue and fat tissue in the body. In this study, body composition among school children will be determine through several measurement method which were the two sites skinfold measurement and body mass index in order to identify which method could be a valid predictor of body composition. Physical Activity Physical activity is defined as any bodily movement produced by the contraction of skeletal muscle. Physical activity can be categorized by several variables including type and intensity. In this study, every school children physical activity level will be predicted through series of fitness testing as well as digit ratio measurement in order to determine current health related component level of school children especially in Selangor. Obesity Obesity is defined as abnormal or excessive fat accumulation that may impair health. Fundamental cause of obesity is an energy imbalance between calories consumed and calories expended. Changes in dietary and physical activity patterns are often the results of health and fitness implication among children which is also mainly the reasons why this research is conducted. Body Mass Index (BMI) Body mass index is a simplify calculation of weight-for-height that is usually used to classify overweight and obesity in adult and children. A BMI greater than or equal to 25 is oversight while BMI greater than or equal to 30 is obesity.

The Feminine Mystique and the Organization Man Essay -- essays researc

For many years society has embraced the idea that the difference between men and women were biologically determined. Others see not only the physical but also the social, emotional and intellectual differences between males and females. Though through traditions, media, and press, we act accordingly to how others view us. Each individual has pressure placed upon them based on their genders. Our sex is determined by genetics while our gender is programmed by social customs. Gender roles by definition are the social norms that dictate what is socially appropriate male and female behavior. Some theories interpret that a woman is tender and a loving mother, while on the other hand men are aggressive and are the dominant one of the family. An individual gender role is modeled through socialization. Individuals learn the ways, traditions, norms, and rules of getting along with others. A person’s environment has a big influence on the roles deemed expectable for men and women.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The fact that gender roles exist is indisputable. Gender roles influence men and women in virtually every area of life. Early into childhood girls and boys are treated differently in families, schools, and other institutions. Most children are raised with the belief that girls are pretty in pink and boys are rough in blue. As infants grow older, their parents’ ideas about gender stereotypes continue to influence how their children are treated. Mothers and fathers tend to look at their baby girls as more fragile than their boys. Girls are encouraged to play with dolls, while boys are taught to play with trucks and army toys. This can be seen at just about any playground, schoolroom, or home in America. Commercials on TV show these same characteristics everyday. When a commercial for a Barbie doll comes on, you don’t see a boy playing with it. In fact you don’t see a boy in the commercial at all. Just the opposite is true for boys’ toys. Girls aren’t seen in their commercials either. There is TV shows that work the same way. When I was a kid, I watched cartoons like Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles, and my sister watched ones like Care Bears. Each show was obviously made and watched predominately by one gender. Girls don’t watch Ninja Turtles and boys don’t watch Care Bears. In present time, there is a whole channel devoted just to women. Women’s Entertainment Televi... ...children alone. Because of this, men are seen as the problem in relationships and the reason that there are so men single mothers. Once again if you look at television talk shows, you can see how many single mothers there are. Shows about troubled children, the fathers are never there. But it’s alright for women to raise children independently?   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Gender equality has been a social concern since man first stepped foot on the earth. When we think of gender equality discrimination is the first thought that comes to mind. Gender roles by definition are the social norms that dictate what is socially male and female behavior. The argument begins between these two sides when the gender roles in society are looked at more closely; are they fair on both sides, or do they in fact discriminate against he two sexes. Men are taught to be emotionless in times of stress and women are taught to be helpless and needy. This is how our society expects men and women to behave. Maybe in the near future as a culture we will use gender transcendence, in which as a people we will abandon our assigned gender ideas, so that other aspects of life become separated and gender free.

Haile Selassie King of Kings, Conquering Lion of the tribe of Judah Ess

Haile Selassie King of Kings, Conquering Lion of the tribe of Judah When Ras Tafari Makonnen took the imperial throne in Ethiopia in 1930 as Haile Selassie I, a new movement was born in Jamaica. The crowning of a Black King? Was this not what Marcus Garvey told his Jamaican followers fifteen years earlier when he said"Look to Africa for the crowning of a Black King; he shall be the Redeemer"(BARRETT 8 1)? Selassie would prove to be one of Ethiopia's most noble leaders. He pushed education for his people. He made a valiant effort to drag Ethiopia out of its stagnant state of unpaved roads, minimal schools, very little education and no say in international affairs. He looked and carried himself like a king. The Ethiopian Emperor traditionally took the title King of Kings, Lion of the tribe of Judah as a title. There are over seventy different ethnic groups within Ethiopia's mountains. The dominant group were the Amharas. Selassie was an Amharic, and the government traditionally was predominantly Amharic. The people of Jamaica in 1930 were in a hopeless situation. They had been exploited from the first days of slavery on the island. There were minimal opportunities for improvement. With such Biblical inferences and a contrast to the leading, predominantly white, governments of the world, it is not hard to believe that a people of such strong faith would accept this new Emperor as their living savior. The Rastafarians were born out of desperation. They had nothing and were going no where. Haile Selassie was a symbol to them that the black man could be strong, contrary to what they saw in their own country. Ethiopia was a black nation that had been independent for thousands of years, despite its African neighbors (with the ... ...o he label him a savior remains a personal belief. Bibliography Barrett, Leonard E., Sr. The Rastafarians. Beacon Press Books. (Boston, MA). 1997. Clapham, Christopher. Haile- Selassie's Government. Frederick A. Praeger, Inc. (New York, NY). 1969. Felleman, Adam. Unofficial Selassie I Archives. http:/ /web.syr.edu/ affellem/ Gorham, Charles. The Lion of Judah: A life of Haile Selassie: Emperor of Ethiopia . Ariel Books, New York. 1966. Harrison, Michael. Selassie Home Page, Roots and Culture. August 10,1997. http://wwwjah.com Kaleidescope. Haile Selassie Biography. 1998. Kapuscinski, Ryszard. The Downfall of an Autocrat. Harcourt Brace Jovanovich. (NewYork,NY). 1978. Lefort, Rene. Ethiopia: An Heretical Revolution?. Zed Press. (Totowa, NJ). 1983. Scott, William R. Sons of Sheba's Race. Indiana University Press (Indianapolis, IN). 1993.

Five Wishes Essay

What would you do if an emergency broke out and you were unable to make health care choices for yourself? Does your family know exactly what you want to happen? Do you really know? Although no one wants to think about such scenarios a crisis can emerge at any given time therefore it is best to be prepared. A known program that has had a lot of success is called `Five Wishes’. Five wishes is the first living will discusses personal, emotional, and spiritual needs as well as your medical wishes. It lets you to choose the person you would like make health care decision in a case where you can’t. Five wishes insures that however you choose to be treated is what will happen exactly. Five wishes is set up to be beneficial for you and your family. It puts the end to the guessing game. This document is a way for the patient to talk to their family and doctors even if they are in a severely ill state. The thought of five wishes initially came from Jim Towey. After 12 years of wo rking closely to Mother Teresa and then living a year in hospice he was inspired to find way for patients and their families to plan ahead and cope with serious illness. The ending result was five wishes. The result of five wishes was a success. It has been featured on CNN and NBC’s Today Show and in pages of Time and Money magazines. Five Wishes is often referred to as the first living will with a heart and soul’. Five wishes is now available in 23 languages and is available in 42 states and also the District of Columbia. The only requirement of being eligible for Five Wishes is to be 18 or older. According to agingwithdignity.org over 13 million Americans have already used this program. And because of its success the document is continuously distributed and suggested by hospitals, hospices, retiree groups, and lawyers. The application is broken down in 5 wishes. Wish 1 addresses who you would like to make the decisions for you. This person is referred to as the patient’s agent. The agent can be anyone that the patient chooses as long as they are at least 18 years or older. Within this portion of the document it gives you key points to think about when choosing an agent to represent you. Also it lets you choose to what extent your agent can represent you. After wish 1 comes Wish 2. Wish 2 states what kind of medical treatment that you want or do not want. This part of the document is one of the most important since it on your treatment wishes. For instance you have to state if you would like life support or not, if you  want comfort medications or not, if you want to be resuscitate in any way. This portion also has you choose your treatment if you are close to death, if you have permanent and severe brain damage without expectations of recovery, If you are in a coma and not expected to awake or recover, and lastly in any another cond ition under which you do not wish to be kept alive. The next wish, wish 3, is on how comfortable you would like to be. They give options such as: no pain at all, medication only if signs of mental, stomach, and/or breathing altercations, cold rags for fevors, lips and mouth kept moist, to be kept clean, to be massaged with oils, music being played until time of dealth, have hair/nails/ teeth kept up, religious readings and poems read close to death, and emotional and spiritual care options for the family. Once that is completed you move on to wish 4 where it discusses how the patient will want to be treated. The options are : to have people around as much as possible, to have hand held and someone talking to them as much as possible, to have people bedside praying, for the faith community that the patient attends to be aware of the scenario, to be cared for with a positive attitude, pictures of loved ones surrounding the bed, to be kept clean at all times, and the option to die at home. The last wish after wish 4 is wish 5. Wish 5 is what the patient wants their loved ones to know. The options for this category are as followed: letting them know that the patient loves them,to be forgiven for the times they hurt them, to let them know that they are forgiven for the times they hurt the patient, to let them know the patient doesn’t fear realty, for the families to make peace before the patients death, for them to remember the healthy patient, for them to respect all the wishes, for them to stay positive, for them to get counseling so the memory of the patient be joy not sorrow, for the patient to be cremated or buried, the location for the body to go, for the person they chose knows their funeral wishes. That completes the 5 wishes of the patient. The very last step is for the patient to signature the document, for there to be two witnesses and their signature and in Missouri, North Carolina, South Carolina, and West Virginia this document must be notarized. In conclusion yes signing and filling out wills are initially difficult but having this document in place before a crisis emerges ensures the actions taken place are what the patient wants. On the Five Wish document it states, ‘ Each patient’s decisions to accept or refuse  medical treatment is respected. This policy is to honor a patient’s advance directive.

Compare and contrast Donne’s “A Valediction: Forbidding Mourning” Essay

Donne’s â€Å"A Valediction: Forbidding Mourning† and Marvell’s â€Å"To His Coy Mistress† are identical and contradictory in many respects. Although â€Å"A Valediction† concentrates on the comfort of love on parting and â€Å"To His Coy Mistress† contemplates about sexual love and the briefness of life, both exemplify characteristics of metaphysical poetry. Metaphysical poetry is about the profound areas of experience, especially about love, romantic and sensual, and, to a lesser extent, about pleasure, learning, and art. Metaphysical poems are brief but intense meditations, characterized by a striking use of wit, irony and wordplay. Beneath this somewhat formal structure is the underlying arrangement of the poem’s argument. In â€Å"To His Coy Mistress† the explicit argument (Marvell’s request that the coy lady yield to his passion) is a background for the more serious argument about the need for pleasure and to live life to the fullest before death. The outward lightness conceals a deep seriousness of intent. This poem finds the pretence of passion used to hang serious reflections on the brevity of happiness, or in other words, the main point of a carpe diem poem. In â€Å"A Valediction: Forbidding Mourning† the argument is not logically persuasive as Marvell’s poem proved, but the cleverness and subtlety of Donne’s method are diverting in that a lonely woman might be comforted. She cannot change the fact of the lover leaving, but the poem states evidence of the integrity of the love he has professed thus far. The imagery used by the poets can also be applied as a basis for comparing and contrasting. Donne writes in a wide-ranging and obscure method. He did not write for publication, but showed poems to friends whom he supposed to be well read enough to understand these references. Donne’s imagery draws on the new learning of the English renaissance and on topical discoveries and exploration. For example, line 11’s â€Å"But trepidation of the spheres† is a reference to the spheres of cosmology during the era. With Marvell, imagery is more difficult. Unlike Donne who scatters metaphors freely, Marvell is more selective and sparing. Very often the image is more memorable and striking than the idea it expresses, as with the â€Å"deserts of vast eternity†, while frequently one finds an idea which cannot be understood except as the image in which Marvell expresses it, as with the â€Å"amorous birds of prey,  rather at once our time devour†. In any case, similarly with these two poets, the use of the metaphor remains subordinate to the metaphysical argument. Both poets, though they occasionally display their higher learning, write with fairly colloquial voices. However, Marvell exhibits more variety in the voice. The second person is found in â€Å"To His Coy Mistress†. When Donne does this, it is assumed that an intimate address to a real woman is intended. But Marvell’s â€Å"Coy Mistress† is obviously absent, a mere excuse for Marvell to examine his real carpe diem subjects, time and the shortness of human happiness. The structure and punctuation in each poem also reveal key differences. The same eight-syllable iambic line is continuously found in â€Å"To His Coy Mistress†. The vigorousness of the argument appears in the breathless lines. Few are end-stopped, and the lines have the rough power of speech. Donne, on the other hand, carries his argument using four line stanzas in â€Å"A Valediction: Forbidding Mourning†. Unlike Donne, who is prepared to allow some lack of punctuation (between first and second stanzas and frequently within all the stanzas), Marvell’s stanza here has a near metronomic quality. A punctuation mark at the end of the second line exaggerates the rhyming syllable, which is matched at the end of the stanza. Although discussing different subjects, both poems are examples of metaphysical poetry. Through their different images and styles of writing, Marvell was able to illustrate the carpe diem theme of the shortness of life and living it to the fullest, while Donne expressed the consolation of love on leaving. The authors are able to transmit their messages to the reader through these difference and similarities, serving their literary purpose.